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Written by Julkipli Wadi
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Tuesday, 06 May 2008 |
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The analogy seems incongruent. But like any another metaphor whose object it is to describe a phenomenon vividly - characterising the Philippine government’s handling of the peace process with two major separatist movements, namely the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the Moro Islamic Nationalist Front (MNLF), as akin to riding in a carriage pulled by two horses, simplifies the rather complex picture of the peace process in Mindanao.
Whether the MILF and MNLF like it or not, the government has been in the saddle, manipulating the pace of the peace process over the last few years. At times the government has pulled at the seemingly separate but inter-connected reins, while at other times, managed each horse with varying intensity, sometimes with a slight tug or a harsh whip, depending on the desired direction and purpose of the occupants of the carriage.
Rarely have both horses have run in step without having to suffer from the weight of carriage behind them, notwithstanding their unique ideological, ethnic, revolutionary and personal persuasions. As both horses are not privy to the determination of the government, mainly because of how they are positioned vis-à-vis the peace process, the former is in a privileged position to decide which horse to favour; and by extension, which horse is to be whipped and made responsible for the mess in Mindanao.
Because of their blinkers, neither horse is in a position to engage in any serious protestations. Whenever one is being handsomely groomed by Malacanang to pull the carriage, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) is very often found whipping the other to near death, a situation that reverses every so often. The most recent manifestation of this strategy was evidenced by the MNLF’s silence during President Estrada’s all-out war in 2000, and the MILF passive poise during various military encounters in Sulu between the MNLF and the Armed Forces of the Philippines since the arrest of long time, MNLF leader, Nur Misuari.
A review of the Mindanao peace process since the 1980s reveals the relative accuracy of this metaphor, even more so when juxtaposed against the impending pull out by the International Monitoring Team (IMT) from Mindanao next month. It is no wonder that the news of pull-out was simply received by a shrug-of-the-shoulders by the Philippine government, despite the likely negative consequences for the peace process and the imminent danger of another round of protracted conflict.
Apparently, the IMT, headed by Malaysia decided to withdraw after registering their impatience over the Philippine government’s lackadaisical response to the peace process with the MILF. In the minds of the IMT, the latter should have been taken seriously as a peace process partner, especially since the fall out between the government and the MNLF was triggered by the failed rebellion of Nur Misuari in 2001.
After having been stationed in Mindanao for around four years, the IMT contingent must have observed how the Philippine government used the peace process to simply neutralise and tame the MILF, while propping up the Philippines’ international image as a genuine peace partner. In reality, it was busier attracting economic assistance and investment to Mindanao from donor countries and international agencies, rather than inking the “Memorandum of Agreement on Ancestral Domain” with the MILF to herald a genuine partnership towards peace.While admitting difficulty in agreeing to the “19 Consensus Points on Ancestral Domain” already agreed upon with the MILF because of possible trigger for the Opposition to question its constitutionality, the overarching reality is that Malacanang has never displayed any sense of urgency to sign a substantive agreement with the MILF. There are a number of reasons for this.
First, there is not enough pressure from the MILF to allow the government to sign a peace agreement, even a less substantive one covering ancestral domain. Second, the government has no comprehensive peace framework to rationalise any agreement with the MILF. Third, it lacks political will to pursue the peace process and to back up any agreement attendant to it. Fourth, the government is continuously harassed with no let up by more urgent national issues such corruption and scandals, and most recently, the rice crisis.
After hitting a snag in December last year, the government-MILF peace talks have been put on hold despite the MILF’s rallies, assemblies and other posturing towards peaceful resolution. This change of tact was not wholly unexpected - the government must have already seen the opportunity to place its bets on the MNLF horse after the relative success of the tripartite review of the 1996 Peace Agreement between the Philippine government, the MNLF and the Organisation of Islamic Conference in Jeddah last year, and Istanbul early this year. A third round is scheduled for in Manila in May this year. This gambit, defined by a back and forth process between the MILF and the MNLF can only point to a singular strategy in Manila - to delay with a view to deny any significant headway viz. the peace process.
As it is, it is not incidental that the granting by the government of the right to post bail to MNLF leader Nur Misuari comes at the heel of the impending IMT pull out from Mindanao - a sure a sign the MNLF horse is ready to be taken for another joy ride.
Julkipli Wadi is an Associate Professor of Islamic Studies at the University of the Philippines.
source: http://www.opinionasia.org/OnaCarriagewithTwoHorses Be the first to comment this article | Add as favourites (72) | Quote this article on your website | Views: 13900 | E-mail | Read more... |
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Written by Sinab D. Cabugatan
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Sunday, 04 May 2008 |
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The Touch of Weighty Responsibility
Our moral responsibility as a member of a family, more particularly as a mother is the hardest task among other forms of responsibility. When we perform or fail to perform a morally significant action, we sometimes think that a particular kind of response is warranted. Praise and blame are perhaps the most obvious forms this reaction might take. We denote family to be a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity. and co-residence, although the concept of consanguinity originally referred to relation by blood. We know family responsibility as being responsible for the care another person, whether or not that person is a dependent, but does not include someone who is paid to care for that person. For being relative can mean by blood, marriage, affinity or a adoption and include someone wholly or mainly dependent on a particular person or a member of that person’s household. These are the reasons why there is touch of weighty responsibility.
According to many sociologist and anthropologists, the primary function of the family is to reproduce society either biologically. society or both. Thus one’s experience of one’s family shifts over time. From the perspective of children, the family is family orientation. The family serves to locate children socially, and plays major role in their enculturation and socialization. From the point of view of parents, the family is a family of procreation, the goal of which is to produce and enculturate and socialized children. However producing children is not the only function of societies with a sexual division of labor, marriage and the resulting relationship between a husband and wife, is necessary for the formation of an economically productive household.
As a mother of six offspring, with only one rose among the thorns, we cannot account the weight of responsibility. When one time, I was caught between showers of swords from the two directions, I have asked ALLAH (s.w.t.) to have me a shiny day on the following morning. At first, I find it easy to skip, since, some relatives seems loyal in comforting me. How awesome for these number of shoulders to cry on. But, as it starts to worsen, they begin to stay apart so that they can exempt themselves from these diversities of swords. I cannot put the blame on them, since it’s a suicidal in nature. I even warned my hubby to be careful on its infectious thorns. Playing the role of being the only person who conceived, I have acquired strength to blow my last breath, and directed my intent of fighting back. Any cowardice move, never give a chance to save this complications. I felt this weighty responsibility, entrapping my whole being.
Being a mother of less than one to make half dozen boys, I must prepare my self for any consequences in motherhood. Indubitably, mothers are willing to dedicate herself for the sake of being one. Some intriguing problem encountered by families, are uncertainty on children’s educations, dashing manhood (includes love story, peculiar taste with friends, choosy and distinct types for foods and colors), financial incapacity and discontentment in nature and the society of which they belong. My center of emotion is on the second intrigue, dashing manhood. Our acquaintance with this kind of deception came with out warning. To the contrary, the other mentioned schemed leave a chance for provisions. It is lateralize according to once time frame, prioritize base on our ability. Similarly, on natural calamity, rains pour after cloudy skies and floods after heavy rains. Laterally, it prompted us to have some precautionary measures. But in this case, it bump our head, like an after shock tidal wave. Though we are aware of it existence but the wrangle eradicate our inner sense of stillness. This is where aptitude of moral responsibility begins to mount.
With my weary eyes, I have accepted these challenges, with open arms. I have defined everything to be only me who can stand forward with or with out falling. We understand that sometimes, power and wealth are strangers to this kind of complexities. I rather vowed down so that my identities will become invisible to them. It is in this manner that they failed to aim on my forehead. My whole being, was shadowed by pleading, and bring myself into surrender. It is matter of recollection of how we play the role of motherhood that have save me. Recalling for all our hardships, followed by our earnest effort to have an ideal children, is one weapon to beat the odds, looked very effective than everything. I have never dream to change my life style, so that the coldness of the night could be my companion instead of providing myself in comfort that I desired. If the pouring of rains dictates me to shed unfathomed, I must led my way to the best outcome. Declaring for an absence is not applicable to this time. This weakens me, and stole my very chance of resting, even though it was necessary. My hubby had to confess every inch of my fight to our friends, finding solutions to calm the violence. What would be the best drive for this crisis with the pressures of times? Every shift seems harsh and keeps me breathless. The whole world moved closer which enough sleep is the only guarantee to cool me. I believed, ALLAH (s.w.t) always have place for a mother like me. I allow the coldness of the night to modify my fight and let my tears pour down until it dries up. I want to pull back time and withdraw being me. I discern everything in proper, since my aim in life was satisfied when I decide to enter into. I have enough preparations to tackle every adversity. But, for a situation similar to mine, it is unpredictable.
I successfully delineate all obstacles, and discovered those showering swords to be lenient without pricking me. This, sudden change of environment need another stage of confusions rejoice with queuing lines of responsibility, waiting to be defined to its utmost forms. Those showers of swords are now cradling me to a bitterness of responsibility. This time, if I got pricked, it might be yawning for I have lost much of struggles. Those swords are an ocean that may drown me anytime, whenever the role of cruelty possessed these tendencies. As if, I am on two roaring lions that eventually tear me into pieces. With those fervent hopes, they may vary to the best of its advantage. This unseat responsibility will continue to find its peak unpredictably, bottomless.
However, our moral responsibility cannot authorize any other persons to take its totality, though we can delegate to make it lighter. To regard such as worthy of one of this reactions is to ascribe moral responsibility to them on the basis of what they have done or left undone. Thus to be morally responsible for our children, say an action is to be worthy of a particular kind of reaction, praise, blame or something akin to these- for having perform. If what we have done is not enough, at least we have done our best for our responsibility
Philosophical reflection on moral responsibility has a long history. One reason for this persistent interest is the way the topic seems connected with a widely shared conception of ourselves as a member of more importantly distinct class of individual- call them persons. Persons are qualitatively different from those of other known living species, despite their numerous similarities. Many have held that one distinct feature of a persons is their status as morally responsible agents, a status whether their special status is threatened of a certain other claims about our universe are true. If a person is be morally responsible for her behavior if that behavior can be explained solely by reference to physical state of universe and world along a divinely ordained path? Concerns like these have often motivated individuals to the theorized about moral responsibility. We dedicate our lives to our children because we are distinct from other mothers.
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Last Updated ( Sunday, 04 May 2008 )
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Written by Samira Gutoc, Managing Editor, MOro Times
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Monday, 05 May 2008 |
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The country may be predominantly Catholic and adheres to the separation of Church and State but in Muslim areas in the South, politics and religion are one.
The lone Islamic political party in the country based in Marawi City , OMPIA PARTY, headed by former Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Vice Governor, co-convenor of the influential Bishop Ulama Conference and Ulama League President Mahid Mutilan (now deceased) will hold its GENERAL ELECTIONS on May 10, 9 am -12 pm at its General Headquarters, Lilod Saduc, Marawi City.
OMPIA party is allied with the national party organization, LAKAS-NUCD-UMDP. Its membership spans across Western Mindanao and Central Mindanao, particularly in the two districts of Lanao del Sur and Marawi City. The two local government units have a combined voting population of more than 300,000 registered voters.
Ulama or religious leaders are a respected and elite sector in Muslim society. Their participation in politics influences the Muslim masses through sermons in Friday congregations and party mobilizations.
OMPIA party, composed mostly of Islamic graduates of Middle Eastern universities, helped catapult its founder Mahid Mutilan to mayorship of Marawi City for three terms and governor of Lanao del Sur for two terms.
Mutilan’s death caused by a car accident in Misamis Oriental in December 2007 left a vacuum in the leadership of the influential organization.
Acting Ompia Party president and former Undersecretary of the Department of Education in ARMM, ALEEM ABDULBASIT HADJINOR, said legal experts Rey Sumalipao or Nasib Yasin will preside over the elections.
OMPIA members can reach the Secretariat through Shariah Lawyer CABILI CALI at 091282423622 and 09163174809
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